Arabs' Generosity and Hospitality in the Arabian Peninsula Essay

Arabs' Generosity and Hospitality in the Arabian Peninsula - Essay Example Another major reason of the extreme generosity and hospitality of the Arabs is that they are encouraged by their religion to be that way. The influence on Islam on the culture of the Arabs cannot be overemphasized. This is evident from almost all good behaviors displayed by the Arabs. For example, the Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula frequently make use of these words in their everyday conversation with one another; inshaAllah and mashaAllah, which mean â€Å"if Allah wills so† and â€Å"as Allah has willed† respectively. Islam is the religion of a vast majority of Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam places immense emphasis on the hospitality of guests and encourages its followers to be highly generous to others. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said, â€Å"Nothing shall ensure the welfare (and interests) of your religion except generosity and good disposition† (ezsoftech.com, 2011). This is the reason why Islam has a well-defined system of Zakat i.e. charity. While p aying Zakat is obligatory upon every Muslim who has assets or money above a certain limit, Islam also encourages its followers to pay more than just Zakat from what they have to the deserving; known as Sadqa in Islam. Allah says, â€Å"Take alms from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and invoke Allah for them† (9:103 cited in Jabir al-Jaza'iry, 2013). In addition to Zakat and Sadqa, gift-giving is a very popular practice and tradition of Islam. Islam encourages its followers to exchange gifts with one another because it promotes love between them and causes the animosity to recede. It is important to note here that Islam has defined particular standards for gift-giving. Islam encourages its followers to give the same thing to others as gifts that they would choose... It is evident from the study that the Arabs consider being generous and hospitable a matter of honor and feel obliged to display it toward others as if it is a sacred duty that they have to perform. Arabs think of it more as an obligation and cultural duty to be generous and hospitable to each other as well as outsiders than simply a behavior. That is why they are famous for generosity and hospitality. Three main reasons of their generosity and hospitality are their centuries of living and trade in the deserts that made them extremely dependent upon one another, the teachings of Islam that place immense emphasis on the display of generosity and hospitality toward others, and the homogeneity of the culture and demographics of the Arab countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam is the religion of a vast majority of the Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula, and its impact and influence of the culture of the countries in the Arabian Peninsula is immense. The extreme generosity and hospitality o f the Arab people makes the foreigners feel like at home in the Arab countries. This has benefited both the Arabs and the foreigners as millions of foreigners are employed in the Arab countries and are contributing to the development and prosperity of the Arab countries. Both nationally and internationally, the Arab countries of the Arabian Peninsula have adopted the policies of generosity and hospitality which has helped them foster good relations with other countries of the world.

Assignment #7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment #7 - Essay Example Under the given circumstances, it is torment for him as he finds it very difficult to take in the very idea of people in apparently advantageous situation laughing at their ill-fated counterparts. It seemed quite unfair and illogical to the naive little boy who had very fine sensibilities. Social acceptability was the major element that determined the manner in which a particular person was treated by others. In the perception of Acuna, the migrants were not acceptable as they were hardly clean. They lived out side the town keeping to the dirt roads and dust. They were compelled by their situation to remain aloof thus. Their poverty and displacement took away their sense of self-esteem and they knew they were being treated like implements. 2. The growers kept the migrant families apart because they wanted the families to fight against each other for jobs. By taking advantage of the desperate situation of the poor workers, the grower community tried to extract the maximum from each. One another tactic they resorted to was the practice of assigning the best crops to the fastest workers in the hope of generating professional rivalry among them, which would invariably result in enhanced quality of work. Acuna was very naive and ignorant of the mysterious ways of the world. Therefore, he did not realize the hideous aspect of the acts of his employers who deliberately attempted segregation among the families of the migrant community. 3. The social acceptance that came with the job is what prompted Acuna to take up the position of foreman. Besides the monetary benefits, his eagerness to make his parents proud of him counted significant in this move. 4. Acuna joined the Marines at the age of seventeen. It was immediately after he had his disillusionment as a foreman. He quit the job because the company refused to hike his wages though they increased the pay of those below him.

LA Ministers to Promote Digital-to-Analog TV Conversion Essay Example for Free

LA Ministers to Promote Digital-to-Analog TV Conversion Essay Olivarez-Giles, Nathan. â€Å"L. A. Ministers Asked to Spread the Word about Digital TV. † Los Angeles Times. 10 Feb 2009. 10 Feb 2009. http://www. latimes. com/business/la-fi-digitaltv10-2009feb10,0,7978127. story. Summary On June 12, all television viewers of Los Angeles – the largest group of television viewers in the country – must have digital-to-anolog converters to be able to watch TV, unless they are customers of satellite or cable television. The Federal Communications Commissioner has asked church ministers of Los Angeles to convey this information to church members, adding that there is no difference between converter boxes sold for $40 and the expensive ones for . Response I found Nathan Olivarez-Giles’ article â€Å"L. A. Ministers Asked to Spread the Word about Digital TV† enjoyable to read because it is humorous. The author refers to the Federal Communication Commission asking â€Å"for divine assistance† with digital-to-analog television conversion. But, the fact that the Commission has chosen churches as its medium of communication with the public is based on practical reason. Churches are responsible for leading groups of people. Then again, if churches are expected by federal regulators to convey this kind of information to the public, they may be asked in future to act as television news channels to boot. All kinds of news may be conveyed through the church. In that case, there would be no difference left between the church and local media. It is for this reason that the author has written a humorous article about the news. He mentions spreading â€Å"the word† with the awareness that churches were initially established to spread the word of God. Because it is illogical for federal regulators to expect the church to spread all kinds of information to its members, in order for this news not to sound as funny as it does – it would be best for federal regulators to spread the word about converter boxes through local media, that is, newspapers, television channels and radio. Churches have their own responsibilities that should not be made a mockery of. Therefore, I completely disagree with the Commissioner’s request.

Principles Of Additive Manufacturing

Principles Of Additive Manufacturing Additive manufacturing (AM) is a general term for all technologies that produce parts by layer addition of material at the micron level, to achieve the required shape, besides of metal removal technique which is traditional subtractive process. During research period, AM the layer by layer manufacturing terminology has been standardised by the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) committee F42 on additive layer technologies. In the beginning AM technologies were restricted because of commonly accepted leading name Rapid prototyping (RP) for the production of parts and prototypes, which was the term used for many years to describe all layer additive manufacturing processes. Advancement in the material, process and system hardware cleared that the parts could be manufactured with an adequate mechanical property to let for further applications. This allowed the production of end use models with layer additive technologies, so rapid manufacturing (RM) was adopted which distinguish the functional nature of the models produced from the prior RP parts and prototypes. Recently AM is used generally and RM and RP are only use to illustrate the particular application of AM technologies. 1.2.1: Principles of Additive Manufacturing AM technologies fabricate models by fusing, sintering or polymerisation of materials in predetermined layers with no needs of tools. AM makes possible the manufacture of complex geometries including internal part detail that are approximately not possible to manufacture using machining and moulding processes, because process does not require predetermined tool paths, draft angles and under cuts. In AM the layers of a model are formed by slicing CAD data with professional software. All AM system work on the same principle; however, layer thickness depend upon parameters and machine being used and thickness of layer range from 10Â µm up to 200Â µm. Layers are clearly visible on the part surface in AM operation, which controls the quality of final product. The relation between thickness of layer and surface orientation is known as staircase effect. However, thinner the layer is the longer the processing time and higher the part resolution. Layers in AM are built up at the top of the previous one in z axis. After layer gets processed the work platform is dropped down by the single layer thickness in z axis and the fresh material layer is recoated differently for number of other methods. In resin based system traversing edge flatten the resin, in powder based system deposited powder is spread using roller or wiper, in some system the material is deposited through a nozzle which deposits the required material. Because recoating time is even longer than the layer processing time. For that sake multiple parts are building together in the time of single material recoating build. Different softwares are available to position and orient part so that maximum number of parts can be built together. Available softwares are VISCAM RP and Smart Space used in MAGICS. Some delicate parts produced through AM technologies need a support structure to hold the part in work platform during the build process. All AM machine uses different support structure that are designed from specific material for effective use of build parts. Commonly used support structures are thin small pointed teeth to minimising the part contact so that they can be removed easily with the hand tools. 1.3: Rapid Prototyping Rapid prototyping processes are a relatively recent development, accurately described as layer manufacturing processes. The first commercial RP machine was released at the AUTOFACT show in Detroit (USA) in November 1987 by the company named 3D systems. The process begins with creating a 3D model using CAD software and it is identical for all built techniques. The model is then convert in to Standard Triangulation Language (STL) format, this format shows the 3D surfaces as an assembly of many planner triangles. At next stage STL file slice the 3D model in to layers. As we know the additive manufacturing is gradual process in which parts are manufactures through layers and each layers are joined and process continues until the final part formed. Post processing is usually required to improve the surface finish of the product. RPs additive nature allows is to create parts with complicated internal features which is not possible by other means like hollow areas and undercuts for that these parts sometimes supports are necessary. (palm, W. (1998, May). Rapid Prototyping primer. Retrieved November 4, 2010, from Learing factory Rapid prototyping home page: http://www.mne.psu.edu) RP products often have low functionality and commonly used as a visual aids with in product development. However material selection decide the prototype testing for short term functionality parts. Most of the RP materials are polymer based, which is for limited part functionality. Although for little part functionality paper and starch based materials are used. RP modernised the product development with an ability to produce single and multiple physical models, facilitating the reduction of product development cycle time ranging for different industries. 1.3.1: Rapid prototyping technologies There is a huge number of experimental RP technologies either in development or used by small groups of individuals. RP techniques those are currently commercially available including: Stereolithography (SLA) is the first RP technique developed by 3D systems in 1987. SLA builds single layer at a time by tracing beam of laser on the vat of liquid UV curable photo polymer resin. UV light strikes the surface of the polymer resin and solidify the single layer of resin, when one layer is cured the built platform is dropped down by single layer thickness (Schmitt, Q. L. (2005). Rapid prototyping in dentistry: technology and application. Rapid prototyping in dentistry: technology and application , 11-13,42,44). A resin filled blade sweeps over the cross section and fill it with fresh material for further curing at the top of the previous layer, process continues until the model is produced. Material self adhesive property bond each layer and form a complete 3D model, fabricated part is cleaned in dawanol resin, alcohol and then cured in a UV oven. (wikipedia. (2010). wikipedia free encyclopedia. Retrieved November 1, 2010, from wikipedia web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/stereolithography) Selective laser sintering (SLS) uses powdered materials. This is one of the systems major advantages that a part could be built in any fusible powdered material. SLS technology was developed in Texas University, which was commercialized in 1993 by company named DTM. In 2001 the DTM were bought out by 3D systems. (http://www.jharper.demon.co.uk/rptc01.htm) This technology works by selectively sintering fine powder materials directly using an infrared (IR) laser from CAD. Numbers of thermoplastic materials are processed in SLS like nylon (polyamide) for rapid tooling application, aluminium filled nylon, polystyrene for sacrificial pattern in investment casting and gas filled nylon. Part produced through this process used as functional model as well as visual prototypes because of good mechanical properties. However as compared to traditional tool steel the part had poor mechanical properties, so material required post processing to form dense models, thus it was very difficult to control the part accuracy because of introduced stresses in processing stage. With the combination of EOS GmbH and Electrolux a special alloy powder was developed, which did not develop shrinkage distortions. Moreover introduction of fibre laser technology allowed the introduction of Selective laser melting (SLM) since the fibre laser allowed the sintering of metals that were completely melted in to dense part with no need of post process infiltration. Numbers of other technologies have been commercialised since 1991 such as laminated object manufacturing (LOM), fused deposition modelling (FDM), 3 dimensional printing (3DP). Recent technological availability of RP is increased with material diversity, which increased the efficiency of creating physical prototype in advanced product development. 1.4: Definition of Rapid Manufacturing Firstly, it is essential to give a definition of rapid manufacturing. The way that several parts are manufactured will change in the future. RM has been explained as the use of a CAD-based automated AM process to construct parts that are used directly as finished products or components (Hopkinson et al. 2006, p. 1) Since with the time change, the research on AM technologies and materials has advanced and the feasibility of fabrication of functional, low volume parts are increasingly in many industries. Many industries are examining the available technology and investigating the possibilities of design to increase the high functional component and to reduce product to market time. A key benefit of RM approach claimed that it proposes the opportunity of mass customization, however can be cost effective for individual short run part, clearing conventional designing constraints of manufacturing processes. RM greatly minimised wastage of raw material as compared to subtractive process, so got popular in aerospace industry, where expensive metal alloys are extensively used. The grade material such as titanium, ABS, nylon and aluminium has been the important part in the progress of RM technologies. (http://www.hse.gov.uk/horizons/rapidmanufacturing.pdf) The introduction of RM is not as simple as it first appears, although research in RM technologies and application are progressed by RP. The evolution is still in progress to link RM from research to actual manufacturing for that number of matters to be addressed that prevail need explanation and consensus before it can happen. RP produced prototype were not considered for product repeatability and quality measures. Since products of RM have proposed functionality, industrial certification and the requirements include material control, accuracy, speed, surface finish and part repeatability, so that RM is successfully applied in many industries including medical, automotive and aerospace to produce low quantity of small, high value parts with complex geometries that is difficult through conventional methods. (http://www.rm-platform.com/index2.php?option=com_docmantask=doc_viewgid=129Itemid=5) In future, RM technology addition in industries can offer small complex design feature parts that ever imagined with great manufacturing facilities and the extension of approach. Development of advanced materials and equipment enable the fabrication of complex product by directly manipulating the matters on a molecular scale. 1.5: Selective laser melting (SLM) 1.5.1: SLM background Selective laser melting machine was first introduced by Fockele and Schwarze (FS) of Germany in 1999 with the support of Fraunhofer institute of laser technology that was steel powder based SLM machine. Later in 2004 first SLM machine named Realizer 250 SLM was released commercially after FS coped up with MTT (MCP tooling technologies) and in 2005 high resolution machine named SLM Realizer 100 was released. Since the release of the MCP Realizer SLM, other manufacturer such as Concept laser and EOS released machine with different process named Laser curing and Direct metal laser sintering respectively. Concept laser (GmbH) first released M3 Liner and M1 Cusing in 2001, later they released another machine named M2 Cusing to produce reactive materials like titanium and aluminium alloys. EOS released the machine named EOSINT M 270 DMLS in 2003 and termed as the most common machine for direct metal fabrication. In 2008 MTT and 3D systems proclaimed a distribution agreement for the rights to distribute SLM machines in Americas and Japan. In 2008-09 new version of SLM was released by MTT named SLM 250 and SLM 125. 1.5.2: Basic principles of SLM SLM is a powder based additive manufacturing process that permits attaining 3D functional parts from a CAD data. SLM follows the same process route as SLS, where complete melting of powder occurs instead of sintering or partial melting. Process begins with the deposition of thin layer of powder thickness ranging from 50Â µm to 75Â µm across a substrate platform. A high power fibre laser scans the powder surface, the generated heat melt the powder particles and form molten pool. Once the layer has been scanned, the platform drops down by single layer thickness in z axis and the fresh layer of powder is deposited and the process is repeated until the entire built is completed. Loose powders are removed once the fully dense part is complete. SLM parts must be completed in inert gas atmosphere such as argon to remove oxygen from the building chamber. Supports like thin teeth shaped are needed to secure hanging features due to shrinkage of material solidification. The substrate is removed from the build chamber once the process gets complete and supports are removed carefully. SLM termed as the most viable techniques for direct fabrication of complex featured part of metals. SLM can permit the design optimization and production of the complex functionalities beyond the capabilities of traditional techniques, which is possible because of accuracy, versatility and the laser beam spot size. The small laser spot size minimizes the area to be melt enabling the manufacturing the part of high resolution. However, to be positioned SLM in RM category as a general method to achieve greater recognition in companies, methods and development need to be changed to perform and prove itself as being reliable, repeatable and cost effective production process. SLM also known as freeform fabrication process and capable to build thin wall complex features models of high resolution and extends its capabilities than the conventional processes such as customised medical implant especially dental crown and bridge frame work, tooling inserts with conformal cooling channel and functional models. SLM concerns primarily turn around the application of high powered fibre laser to generate high temperature to completely melt the powder, surface roughness is the main concerns of SLM because of high heat input causes material vaporisation and generation of spatter that subjected by melting and re-solidifying. But SLM parts cover committed microstructure parts and material properties that make possible this technique for the application. Benefits of SLM: Parts produced in this process are nearly 100% dense and have same mechanical strength as the original material Almost no powder material is wasted, the loose powders which was not solidified can be reused SLM offers minimum time to market, exact shape generation without an expansive moulds, process flexibility and great utilization of material SLM powder bed technology permits cheap and fast powder metallurgy. The alloys to be tested can utilized straightly with in the prototyping apparatus and alloys can easily accustomed with the change of elemental ratio of powders Drawbacks of SLM: SLM is regarded as the high temperature gradient, which causes thermal stress build up and rapid solidification so coarse to grainy surface finished parts are produced The inadequate availability of some materials in powder form restricts the range of material for processing. Process should be optimised for available material (Selective laser melting, 10 December; http://raproto.com/?cat=31, accessed on 25/5/2011 and http://www.mtm.kuleuven.be/Onderzoek/a2p2/researchtopics/SLM, accessed on 26/5/2011) 1.5.3: SLM materials SLM technology worked with all possibly relevant metals for part production. Process starts with identifying the physical behaviour of material being used with microscopic level of process understanding. In order to develop technique, the main quality aspect of parts being produced includes surface roughness, high functional strength, accuracy, density, hardness, residual stresses have to be observed before applied for the industrial applications. SLM system always develops parts with variety of materials and new ranges in which material property is easily changed with the property requirement with changing the mixture ratio. The range of materials are used that improved the new work powders such as tool steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, cobalt chrome and inconel. (http://www.mtt-group.com/data/pdf/extract/0413-MTT_2pp_SLM_A4_%20Flyer_v1.pdf) Materials are described below according to property, alloy and applications: (http://www.xyzinnovation.com.au/assets/slm-brochure_290709.pdf) Titanium: Mechanical properties: High strength, low thermal expansion, high corrosion resistance, excellent machinability and bio compatibility and low weight. Alloys: Pure titanium, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V Applications: Medical implants, jewellery and design, F1 motor sport and aerospace Cobalt chrome: Mechanical properties: High strength, excellent corrosion resistance and bio compatibility and high toughness Alloy: CoCr ASTM F75 Applications: medical implant, dental and high temperature Stainless steel, tool steel: Mechanical properties: High toughness, hardness and corrosion resistance and excellent machinability Alloys: 316L stainless steel, H13 tool steel, 17-4PH, 50CrMo4, CrNiMo 13-4 and M333 Applications: medical implants, spindle and screws, plastic injection moulds and maritime Aluminium: Mechanical properties: Excellent alloying properties and processability and low density Alloys: Al-Si-10Mg, Al-Si-12Mg, Al-Si9-Cu3, Al-Si-7Mg and Al-Mg4 Applications: Aerospace, automotive, consumer goods Inconel: Mechanical properties: Good mechanical strength, excellent corrosion resistance, outstanding welding ability and good creep rapture strength up to 700C Alloys: Inconel 718 and Inconel 625 Applications: Aerospace, gas turbines, space shuttle and crafts, nuclear reactors and rocket motors Integration of SLM in production systems: Process chain Function SLM process chain Part Finish (Machining) Part Design Process Strategy Process Control Process Preperation Designed for optimized Part orientation built strategy online defect Interface for Functionality (quality/ build time) -built parameters detention machining (light, weight, -support structure -under cuts etc -close loop control energy efficient etc ) (www.materialscluster.lu/content/download//Wilhelm_Intermat2011.pdf, accessed on 30/5/2011) SLM machines: SLM50 Realizer: Worlds first SLM desktop machine to produce quickly and extremely accurately manufacture functional dental parts based on CAD data. It is well appropriate for dental laboratories and similar environments for the production of bridge and crown frame and brackets. This machine is capable to produce 100 parts/ months. SLM50 designed a component with height up to 40mm and diameter up to 60mm. (http://www.industrialnews.org/2011/03/worlds-first-slm-desktop-machine-dental.html#ixzz1NtOkViL9) SLM50 specifications Construction volume Platform diameter 70 mm, max. construction height 40 mm Thickness of layers 20-50 ÃŽÂ ¼m Laser type Fibre laser 20 to 120 W Power supply 16A, 230V Power consumption 1.0 KW Argon consumption approx. 30 Liter/h Dimensions W800 x D700 x H500 mm Weight approx. 80 kg Software ReaLizer Control Software Materials Cobalt Chrome, Stainless Steel 316 L, gold-, silver-, palladium-, titanium alloys (http://www.progold.com/GB/Files/Realizer.pdf) https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm6U1F5rYRQf4IJFLHMaFs7mRCEfpDyhEYemZ2w0TuFyI9UXxpSYACH4eZaGLN7mGow2twUCoQ-I2KM-vUtDYtuer0X189D-f9UOxqFroOrG3HBHOyT87lOXO6HfOYShBpx6Q0myeCbY5V/s1600/SLM-50-1024682.jpg (http://www.industrialnews.org/2011/03/worlds-first-slm-desktop-machine-dental.html) SLM100 Realizer: Machines capability to design a component with 100mm high cylindrical construction area with 125mm diameter, because of the dropped laser spot size to 20Â µm. The machine can produce parts with delicate features, high surface quality and maximum wall thickness. SLM100 is appropriate for dental laboratories or related environments. SLM100 specifications Construction volume Platform diam. 125 mm Max. overall constr. height 100 mm Layer thicknesses 20-100 ÃŽÂ ¼m Laser type Fibre laser 20 to 200 W Power supply 16A, 400V Power input 1.5 kW Argon consumption app. 35 l/h Dimensions W900 x D800 x H2400 mm, SLM100A additional display support arm Weight 500 kg Software ReaLizer control software Materials Tool steel H 13, titanium, titanium V4, aluminium, cobalt chrome, stainless steel 316 L, Inconel, Gold, ceramic materials under development (http://www.realizer.com/en/wp-content/themes/realizer/ReaLizer.pdf) (http://www.twi.co.uk/content/laser_slm.html) SLM125: The SLM125 machine presented with a range of laser from 100-200W with 30mm laser spot size diameter. This machine is capable to built pattern geometries of 200Â µm. Surface finish is controlled by laser scan approach, however build speed and surface finish is majorly depends on material that to be processed such as tool steel take more time than the aluminium and titanium. For fully dense part the both parameters surface finish and build speed should range from 15-30Â µm and 5-200cm3/hr respectively. (http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?ME09ART20ME20090401SME) This machine has been designed for the simplicity to the users with in a industry with touch screen features, which cleans down the process. Robustness of the machine has given precedence to the adopters. The recoater blade used in this system is soft and carefully designed to reduce consumable cost by rotating same blade many times before replacement, and low filter element causes low gas consumption, results machine reliable and minimum in cost to users. SLM125 specifications Construction volume 125mm x 125mm x 125mm (x,y,z) Layer thicknesses 20 to 100ÃŽÂ ¼m Laser type Fibre laser 100-200 W Power supply 16A, 400V Power input Argon consumptionm Dimensions Weight Software ReaLizer control software Materials Tool steel H13, titanium , titanium V4, aluminium, cobalt chrome, stainless steel 316 L, Inconel (http://www.mtt-group.com/data/pdf/extract/0413-MTT_2pp_SLM_A4_%20Flyer_v1.pdf) MTT SLM25 (http://develop3d.com/profiles/box-clever) SLM250: This machine measures construction area of 250ÃÆ'-250ÃÆ'-250mm. The space in the processing area can be used to produce maximum number of parts with loading numerous parts at the top of each other. SLM250 is equipped with high power laser up to 400W with an automated filter machine to remove and recycle loose powders from the processing area. High part output makes it appropriate for industrial manufacturing process. SLM250 specifications Construction volume 250 x 250 mm , maximum construction height 220 mm Layer thicknesses 20-100 ÃŽÂ ¼m Laser type Fibre laser 100, 200 or 400 W Power supply 16 A, 400 V Power input 2.5 kW Argon consumption app. 70 litres/h Dimensions W1800 x D1000 x H2200 mm w/o sieving machine Weight 800 kg Software ReaLizer control software Materials Tool steel H13, titanium , titanium V4, aluminium, cobalt chrome, stainless steel 316 L, Inconel (http://www.realizer.com/en/wp-content/themes/realizer/ReaLizer.pdf) http://www.renishaw.com/media/img/gen/8a0166f5acc64a4190c81957ffe11b05.jpg (http://www.renishaw.com/en/renishaw-acquires-mtt-investments-limited14897) D1: (http://doc.utwente.nl/52914/1/Wa1025.pdf) D2: (http://pic.sagepub.com/content/220/6/857.full.pdf) D3: (http://www.meditech.cf.ac.uk/pages/Individula%20Meetings/15th%20Nov%202007/presentations/R%20Bibb%20-%20PDR%20-%20ARUP%20Nov%202007.pdf) SLM 125 machine run: SLM 125 machine operated in the following manner: Turn on from the back- MTT 125 screen showed up- Tap on the screen- Login with the user name MTT2- Tap light (light opens)- Tap to open the door- hold reset and open the door Wiper reset: Tap to wiper and elevator on the screen- find wiper home- tap to substrate and set thickness to 0- press Esc- hold reset and open the door. Tap to wiper and elevator- find wiper home- Go to FWD POS- then unscrew the wiper arm from both ends To draw material holder or wiper tension: unscrew both the nuts placed at the ends with pressing at the top. Attach back both the wiper tension and wiper arm to their respective positions- shut the door Before placing the platform in the machine , first measure the base plate with vernier calliper then Tap to wiper and elevator- find wiper home- tap at substrate and set the thickness to 14.5- tap at table auto (it will built)- Tap at set datum- find table home. Go again- substrate set to 0- Go to top POS- Tap at Go to Centre to position wiper at the centre C:UsersP10507465DesktopWiper_tension[1].JPG Lift wiper and place paper then tight it. Clockwise rotation of screw to loose and anticlockwise to tight it. Later paper is removed. Just ensure that you should put the same pressure during screwing. After setting the wiper arm at the paper sheet thickness- close the door- tap to wiper and elevator- find wiper home To clean filter assembly: Remove both caping placed at the top and bottom and do not forget to remove the rings- unbolt the holder- remove the filter (twist and draw)- clean the chamber- push filter to attach- bolt it C:UsersP10507465DesktopFilter_Assy.JPGC:UsersP10507465DesktopFilter_removal.JPG Tap to wiper and elevator- find wiper home- set datum- Dose to 3- Go to FWD POS- open with holding reset button. Close the door- find wiper home- Esc- select- auto (safe change filter valve- yes)- auto operation starts- click ok- Isolate change filter- confirm. Operation or part building starts and it logged out automatically after finishing the operation Login again with user name MTT2- tap to wiper and elevator- find wiper home- Go to up- Esc- open the door Cleaning: Slowly remove the powder with the brush- later hover it to clean properly. Unscrew the base plate- Brush again not to waste powder. Close the door- wiper elevator- find wiper home- Go to FWD POS- Esc- open the door holding reset button Unscrew the wiper plate and clean- the red strip on the wiper arm turns black at worked portion means damaged. Unscrew material holder- brush the machine to restore loose powder to the holes (for titanium cleaning is really important) Over flow cleaning: Unscrew loose powder holder underneath the platform. Put screw at close position and turn around to unscrew it to recover loose powders- screw it and place it in desired place including rings and caping Set wiper back at the position to clean lense- unscrew it and clean it with proper handling Dental suprastructure The manufacturer is also is involved in the dental industry, for which the company manufactures products such as implant-supported suprastructures. Using patient-specific geometry data, acquired through medical imaging or 3-D scanning, the personalised structure is designed in software and printed in titanium. As a concluding step, the dental technician finishes off the structure and completes the final prothesis. Through patented DentWise technology, geometry and surface retention related limitations set by traditionally moulded or milled suprastructures no longer apply. Through digital SLM technology, geometry and surface retention related limitations set by traditionally moulded or milled suprastructures no longer apply, Mercelis says. In addition, the implant connections are completed with high precision. Implant bars and bridges achieve a fit accuracy better than 20 Â µm at the implant interface. They also can integrate complex surface textures and sealing edges. DentWise suprastructures are manufactured using ultra-strong titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V, grade V), which outperforms the commonly used titanium grade II in terms of mechanical propertie (http://www.emdt.co.uk/article/selective-laser-melting)

An Analysis of Human Resources Management at TNT Essay -- Business Hum

An Analysis of Human Resources Management at TNT TNT is the European market leader in global express distribution, logistics and international mail. Wherever a company operates TNT will make sure that their documents, consignments and business mail are delivered safely and on time using their integrated air and road networks. Their international operations are focused on the key areas of world trade in Europe, Asia, North and South America. They also have strong domestic networks in Australia and Europe. Their operational networks are supported by sophisticated technology which as well as ensuring service reliability provides real-time, on-line information on the status of the consignment. Their central philosophy is to put the customer at the heart of their business. They aim to be companies’ business partner devising solutions for all their customers' distribution needs by combining their core capabilities to create new products and services. The HRM of TNT empower employees to provide the fastest and most reliable service which involves upholding the quality principles for the benefit of all stakeholders involved with the organisation thereby enabling them to achieve the vision. The quality principles of TNT are: customer care, leadership, people, communication, resources, suppliers, processes and the impact on society. For each of this principles the HRM makes sure and show how its needs to be carried out: Â · Customer Care: Always listening to and building first class relationships with their customers to help TNT provide excellent standards of service and client satisfaction. Â · Leadership: Inspiring all members of the TNT team to be outstanding achievers and building on their make it happen policy through clear direction, support and accountability. Â · People: Recognising individual and team achievements, promoting from within wherever possible and encouraging everyone to enjoy rewarding careers that provide security and job satisfaction. Â · Communication: Working hard at all times to encourage clear and honest two-way communications which foster teamwork, they must get through attitude and staff involvement through an open management style. Â · Resources: Employing the best people in a first class working environment and supporting them with ongoing training, reliable equip... ...ager or by the job holder’s superior. The performance appraisal gives the managers the chance to reward employees and to thank them for doing a good job. Appraisal normally takes place once or twice a year. In some organisations it happens every month every three months. The more often it is done the better. At TNT appraisals happens every six months. The benefits of performance appraisal for the organisation are: Â · It helps employees to identify training needs. Â · It may reveal other problems – for example, there may be workplace difficulties with other staff (eg it might be caused by sexual or racial harassment). Â · It may untap useful new skills. Â · It improves communications between employees and managers – a few words of encouragement and praise for doing a good job are often highly motivating. Â · It provides disciplinary documentation – if the employer needs to dismiss somebody, the existence of through appraisal records, which identify the person’s inabilities, or lack of effort will be very useful. Â · It helps to fix pay rises – increasingly people get performance related pay which is based upon the appraisal interview.

A Comparison of Satire in Voltaires Candide and Gullivers Travels Ess

A Comparison of the Satire of Candide and Gulliver's Travels An impartial observer has the ability to make the most critical and objective observation on society and the behavior of man. This impartial observer would see the truth as it is. This same premise may be applied to literary works. A naive character or narrator may be used as an impartial observer, who reveals social truths to the audience through his or her naivete. As Maurois has noted, in writing about Candide, by Voltaire," It was novel of apprenticeship, that is, the shaping of an adolescent's ideas by rude contact with the universe" (101). Jonathan Swift also takes this approach in his work Gulliver's Travels, where Gulliver, the main character, provides a impartial point of reference. The satires Gulliver's Travels, by Jonathan Swift, and Candide, by Voltaire, both make use of naivete to convey satirical attacks on society. In both works, litotes [understatements] are made of extremely absurd situations, which further illuminates the ridiculous nature of a situation. Characters in each novel are made vulnerable by their overly trusting natures. This is taken advantage of, and these characters are left exploited by corrupt people in society. Attacks are also made on authority figures of the world. This can be seen in the characters' reaction to authority. Finally, both works are travel tales, which expose the main characters to many perspectives. This allows the authors to satirize many aspects of society. These two satirical works make litotes of preposterous situations, thus shedding light on the absurdity at hand. This is an especially effective technique, because a character or narrator is involved in a ridiculous situation. The reader, from an... ... French Novelist Manners and Ideas. New York: D Appleton and Company, 1929. "Introduction to Gulliver's Travels." Norton Anthology of English Literature, The Major Authors. Ed. M.H. Abrhams et al. Sixth ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1995. Lawler, John. "The Evolution of Gulliver's Character." Norton Critical Editions. Maurois, Andre'. Voltaire. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1932. Mylne, Vivienne. The Eighteenth-Century French Novel. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1965. Pasco, Allan H. Novel Configurations A Study of French Fiction. Birmingham: Summa Publications, 1987. Quintana, Ricardo "Situation as Satirical Method." Norton Critical Editions: Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels. Ed. Robert A Greenberg. New York: W. W. Norton and Company Inc., 1961. Van Doren, Carl. Swift .New York: The Viking Press, 1930.

Making a Difference through Charity Works

We are all aware that not all people are the same. Although some may say that all people are equal, we can’t still deny the fact that some are just too lucky while others are not. Some have more than enough foods served in their dining table three times a day while others consider themselves fortunate already if they get to eat at least once a day. Some can afford to go to expensive private schools to study while others cannot study even in public schools where tuition fee is free. Some can enjoy the luxury and comfort of a big and fully air-conditioned house while others sleep on dirty and cold sidewalks. These situations are just some realities that cause people to doubt if equality really exists on earth. However, if we look at its brighter side, these situations will make us realize how blessed we are. These will make us think that we should be very thankful that we can eat at least three times a day, that we can afford to go to school and to get the best education that we deserve, and that we can sleep comfortably on our own home. And because we are blessed with these things, we must give back to other people who are less fortunate than us. It takes a caring and special person to undertake charity work, as it takes that same special character to make charity donations. Charity work can be a long, hard and sometimes laborious task. However, it is highly rewarding for the individual doing it and the recipient of the benefits. Charitable works for me can be best defined as the willingness of an individual to provide as many smiles on as many faces as he/she could imagine. Charity is a global act and is not confined to a certain nation, people or a country. It is an act of gratitude and support to those who need help, keeping in mind that earth is one small village. Above all, charity should not be an ostentatious display of wealth. Although it is an act of kindness, it could lose power when it is more concerned about hogging media glare than lending support to the needy and desperate. Charity could also mean love. I believe that the root of charity is love, love for our fellowmen and love for God. Anybody can be an active part of a charity work. It can be you or me or our neighbors. The fulfillment anybody can feel through helping others is incomparable. And I do believe that we can make a difference through participating actively on charity works. I am only one and I know I can’t change the world alone but if I can convince you, my friends, your friends, and our friends’ friends to be more responsible in giving back to our community, for sure we can make a big difference. Charitable work, in its simplest form therefore, is helping one another and the community as a whole.